The version history of the Android operating system began with the release of version 1.0 in September 2008. Android is a mobile operating systemdeveloped by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. Android has seen a number of updates since its original release. These updates to the base operating system typically fix bugs and add new features. Generally, each version is developed under a code name based on a dessert item. The code names are in alphabetical order (Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Ice Cream Sandwich).
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[edit]Beta
[edit]1.0
Released 23 September 2008.[3] The first Android device, the HTC Dream (G1),[4] had these Android 1.0 features:
- Android Market application download and updates through the Market app
- Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows ("cards")Video [5][6]
- Camera support, but no way to change resolution, white balance, quality, etc.[7]
- Folders allow the grouping of a number of app icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.[8]
- Email provides access to email servers commonly found on the Internet and supports POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP.[6]
- Gmail synchronization with the Gmail app
- Google Contacts synchronization with the People app
- Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar app
- Google Maps with Latitude and Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local business and get driving directions using GPS[7]
- Google Sync allows management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar
- Google Search of the internet and phone apps, contacts, calendar, etc
- Google Talk instant messaging
- Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS
- Media Player enables managing, importing, and playing back but lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support[6][7]
- Notifications appear in the Status bar – drag down to see details, also ringtone, LEDs and vibration options.[5][6][9]
- Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number[6]
- Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets.
- YouTube video player[10]
- Other apps include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings.
- Other supported features include: WiFi, and Bluetooth.
[edit]1.1
On 9 February 2009, Android 1.1 update for Android was released for T-Mobile G1 only. Included in the update were resolved issues, API changes and:[11]
- Maps: Adds details and reviews when a user does a search on Maps and clicks on a business to view its details.
- Dialer: In-call screen timeout default is now longer when using the speakerphone, Show/Hide Dialpad
- Messaging: Saving attachments
- System: Adds support for marquee in layouts.
[edit]1.5 Cupcake
Based on Linux kernel 2.6.27. On 30 April 2009, the official 1.5 (Cupcake) update for Android was released.[12][13] There were several new features and UI updates included in the 1.5 update:[14]
- Virtual keyboard: Support for 3rd party keyboards with text prediction & user dictionary for custom words
- Widgets: Are miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates[15]
- Camera: Video recording
- Gallery: Video playback (MPEG-4 & 3GP formats)
- Bluetooth: Stereo support added (A2DP and AVRCP profiles), Auto-pairing
- Browser: Copy and paste features added
- Contacts: Shows user picture for Favorites
- Dialer: Specific date/time stamp for events in call log and one-touch access to a contact card from call log event
- System: Animated screen transitions
- Upload videos to YouTube
- Upload photos on Picasa
[edit]1.6 Donut
Based on Linux kernel 2.6.29[16] On 15 September 2009, the 1.6 (Donut) SDK was released.[17][18] Included in the update were:[16]
- Search: Voice Search & text entry search enhanced to include bookmarks & history, contacts, the web, and more
- Search: Developers can now include their content in search results
- Text to speech: Features a multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text
- Android Market: Allows easier searching, app screenshots, etc.
- Camera, camcorder, and Gallery: Updated integrated with faster camera access
- Gallery: Now enables users to select multiple photos for deletion
- System: Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech engine
- Display: Support for WVGA screen resolutions
- Speed improvements in searching and camera applications
- Expanded Gesture framework and new GestureBuilder development tool
- Google free turn-by-turn navigation
[edit]2.x Eclair
[edit]2.0
Based on Linux kernel 2.6.29[19] On 26 October 2009, the 2.0 (Eclair) SDK was released.[20] Changes included:[21]
- Sync: Expanded Account sync. Multiple accounts can be added to a device for email and contact synchronization
- Email: Exchange support, Combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page.
- Bluetooth: 2.1 support
- Contacts: Tap a contact photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person.
- Messaging: Search all saved SMS and MMS messages. Auto delete oldest messages in a conversation when a defined limit is reached.
- Camera: Flash support, Digital zoom, Scene mode, White balance, Color effect, Macro focus
- Virtual keyboard: Improved typing speed, smarter dictionary learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions.
- Browser: Refreshed UI, Bookmark thumbnails, Double-tap zoom, Support for HTML5
- Calendar: Agenda view enhanced, Attending status for each invitee, Invite new guests to events.
- System: Optimized hardware speed, Revamped UI
- Display: Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, Better contrast ratio
- Maps: Improved Google Maps 3.1.2
- MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events[22]
- Live Wallpapers: Home screen background images can be animated to show movement
[edit]2.0.1
The 2.0.1 SDK was released on 3 December 2009.[23]
- Android 2.0.1 is a minor platform release deployable to Android-powered handsets starting in December 2009. This release includes minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.[24]
[edit]2.1
The 2.1 SDK was released on 12 January 2010.[25]
- Android 2.1 is a minor platform release deployable to Android-powered handsets starting in January 2010. This release includes new API changes and bug fixes.[26]
[edit]2.2 Froyo
2.2.2 latest release.[27] Based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.[28] On 20 May 2010, the 2.2 (Froyo) SDK was released.[27] Changes included:[28]
- System: Speed, memory, and performance optimizations[29]
- Additional application speed improvements courtesy of JIT implementation[30]
- Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application
- Improved Microsoft Exchange support (security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization, remote wipe)
- Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications
- USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality
- Added an option to disable data access over mobile network
- Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features[29]
- Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries
- Voice dialing and contact sharing over Bluetooth
- Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords
- Support for file upload fields in the Browser application[31]
- Support for installing applications to the expandable memory
- Adobe Flash support[32]
- Display: Support for extra high DPI screens (320 dpi), such as 4" 720p[33]
[edit]2.3.x Gingerbread
[edit]2.3
Based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.[34] On 6 December 2010, the 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released.[35] Changes included:[34]
- System: Updated user interface design for simplicity and speed
- Display: Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher)[33]
- Internet calling: Native support for SIP VoIP telephony
- Virtual Keyboard: Faster, more intuitive text input, improved accuracy, better suggested text. Voice input mode
- Copy/Paste: Enhanced. Select a word by press-hold, copy, and paste
- Near Field Communication lets the user read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement
- New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost
- New Download Manager giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application
- Camera: Access multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available
- Media: Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding
- System: Improved power management with a more active role in managing apps that are keeping the device awake for too long
- System: Enhanced support for native code development
- System: Switched from YAFFS to ext4 on newer devices[36][37]
- Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers
- Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance
- Native support for more sensors (such as gyroscopes and barometers)
[edit]2.3.3
- Android 2.3.3 is a small feature release that adds several improvements and APIs to the Android 2.3 platform.[38]
[edit]2.3.4
- Added support for voice or video chat using Google Talk.[39]
[edit]2.3.5
25 Jul 2011
- Brought improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G, among other fixes and improvements.
- Fixed Bluetooth bug on Samsung Galaxy S
- Improved Gmail application
[edit]2.3.6
- Voice search bug fixed.
[edit]2.3.7
- Google Wallet support for Nexus S 4G
[edit]3.x Honeycomb
[edit]3.0
3.0.1 .[40] Based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.[41] On 22 February 2011, the 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK was released for tablets.[42] This is a tablet-only release of Android.[43] The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.[44]
Changes include:[41]
- Optimized tablet support with a new virtual and “holographic” user interface
- System Bar: Quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons available at the bottom of the screen
- Action Bar: Access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen
- Multitasking: Tap Recent Apps in the System Bar, to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one app to another
- Redesigned keyboard: To make entering text fast and accurate on larger screen sizes with greater accuracy and efficiency
- Copy/Paste: Simplified, more intuitive
- Browser: Multiple tabs replace browser windows, form auto-fill, and a new “incognito” mode allows anonymous browsing
- Camera: Quick access to exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and more
- Gallery: View albums and other collections in full-screen mode, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos
- Contacts: New two-pane UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts
- Email: New two-pane UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient. The app lets users select one or more messages
- Support for video chat using Google Talk
- Hardware acceleration
- Support for multi-core processors
[edit]3.1
The 3.1 SDK was released on 10 May 2011.[45] Changes included:
- UI refinements
- Connectivity for USB accessories
- Expanded Recent Apps list
- Resizable Home screen widgets
- Support for external keyboards and pointing devices
- Support for joysticks and gamepads
- Media: Support for FLAC audio playback.[46][47]
- High-performance Wi-Fi lock maintains high-performance Wi-Fi connections when device screen is off
- Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point
[edit]3.2
The 3.2 SDK was released on 15 July 2011.[48] Changes included:
- Improved hardware support, including optimisations for a wider range of tablets
- Easier access for apps to files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronisation
- Compatibility display mode for apps that have not yet been optimized for tablet screen resolutions
- New display support functions that give developers more control over the look and feel on different Android devices.
[edit]Ice Cream Sandwich
As officially announced during the 2011 Google I/O, the upcoming version of Android is called Ice Cream Sandwich,[49] a combination of Gingerbread and Honeycomb into a "cohesive whole".[50] It will be released in October or November 2011.[51] Android Head of Engineering, Mike Claren called it the company’s “most ambitious release to date.” [52] Features include facial recognition and new APIsto reduce fragmentation.[53]
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